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General

The Consumer's Guide to Effective Environmental Choices: Practical Advice from the Union of Concerned Scientists - The first comprehensive look at the full range of modern consumer activities, identifying those that cause the most environmental damage and those that cause the least. By Michael Brower and Warren Leon. Three Rivers Press, 1999. 304 pp. $15.00.
Read Chapter 1 (PDF).


 
A Distant Light: Scientists and Public Policy - Essays illuminating the challenges facing scientists who choose to be actively involved in public matters, with keen insights on what it takes to succeed. By Henry W. Kendall. Springer-Verlag, 2000. 336 pp. $49.95.


 
Keeping the Earth: Religious and Scientific Perspectives on the Environment - Inspirational video with prominent scientists and religious leaders calling on Americans to protect our environment and the diverse species that share it. UCS, 1996. 27 minutes. VHS or DVD. $14.95. Please specify VHS or DVD when ordering. Includes printed study guide. (UCS members and congregations working actively with the National Religious Partnership for the Environment: $9.50, including shipping.)


 

Food and Environment

A Growing Concern: Protecting the Food Supply in an Era of Pharmaceutical and Industrial Crops – This report presents the findings of a 2003 expert workshop on protecting the U.S. food supply from contamination by crops engineered to produce pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals. The report includes an executive summary of UCS's conclusions and policy recommendations. By David Andow et al. (Technical Report) and Margaret Mellon and Jane Rissler (UCS Executive Summary). 125 pp. $20.00. Read the executive summary and full report.


Gone to Seed: Transgenic Contaminants in the Traditional Seed Supply - Seeds of traditional crops are contaminated with DNA from genetically engineered (GE) crops according to Gone to Seed, a new UCS report. Laboratory testing of traditional (non-GE) seeds of corn, soybeans, and canola commissioned by UCS documents the presence of DNA commonly used in commercial GE crops. These findings suggest inadequate federal standards to protect our seed supply and our food from harmful contaminants like those originating in pharmaceutical (pharm) and industrial crops.
By Margaret Mellon and Jane Rissler. UCS, 2004. 80 pp. $15.00
See the web feature, download the executive summary, and full report.


 Hogging It: Estimates of Antimicrobial Abuse in Livestock - The use of antimicrobials in animal agriculture is eroding physicians' ability to treat infectious disease in humans. This report provides the first estimate based on a transparent methodology of the amount of antimicrobials given to animals for nontherapeutic purposes, such as promoting growth. The amount is enormous, dwarfing the quantity of antimicrobials in human medicine. By Margaret Mellon, Charles Benbrook, and Karen Lutz Benbrook. UCS, 2001. 110 pp. $15.00

Read the executive summary (html) or the full report ... 
Executive Summary (pdf) ...  Chapters (pdf) ...  Appendices (pdf) ...   References (pdf)


Now or Never: Serious New Plans to Save a Natural Pest Control - Outline of the necessary components of effective resistance management plans for corn, cotton, and potato crops that have been genetically engineered to produce the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin. Edited by Margaret Mellon and Jane Rissler. UCS, 1998. 150 pp. $14.95

Read the full report:
Table of Contents (pdf)
1. UCS Introduction (pdf)
2. Contributors' Introduction (pdf)
3. Bt-Corn Resistance Management (pdf)
4. Bt-Cotton Resistance Management (pdf)
5. Bt-Potato Resistance Management (pdf)
Appendices (pdf)
    A. Bt Crops Approved for Field Testing by USDA, 1987-1997
    B. Microbial Bt Insecticide Use in US Crop Production, by Crop and State, 1992
    C. Microbial Bt Insecticide Use in US Crop Production, by Crop, 1992


The Ecological Risks of Engineered Crops - Comprehensive look at the potential risks of genetically engineered crops, including recommendations on how the federal government can evaluate and mitigate those risks. By Jane Rissler and Margaret Mellon. MIT Press, 1996. 192 pp. $19.95


Biotechnology and the Environment - Useful primer on the environmental implications of genetic engineering, with a clear explanation of the uses and risks of modern genetic techniques. By Margaret Mellon. National Wildlife Federation, 1988. 64 pp. $5.00.


 

Clean Vehicles

Automaker Rankings 2004: The Environmental Performance of Car Companies –  This report helps consumers and investors separate hype from reality by using government data to quantitatively determine which automakers truly are the greenest when the rubber meets the road. By David Friedman and Don MacKenzie. UCS, 2004. 39 pp. $10.00. Read the executive summary and the full report.


Sick of Soot: Reducing the Health Impacts of Diesel Pollution in California - This report highlights the impact of diesel pollution on public health in California and its potential impact during the next two decades. Existing "clean diesel" incentive programs and cost-effective retrofit technology on existing diesel engines could save thousands of lives and billions of dollars over the next 15 years. By Don Anair and Patricia Monahan. UCS, 2004. 54 pp. $15.00. Read the executive summary and download the full report.


Climate Control: Global Warming Solutions for California Cars - Global warming emissions from California's vehicle fleet could be cut by 20 percent using existing technologies, with little additional cost to consumers. By Louise Bedsworth. UCS, 2004. pp. 48. $15.00  Read the executive summary and the full report.



The Diesel Dilemma: Diesel's Role in the Race for Clean Cars - This report presents a new “apples-to-apples” comparison of diesel and gasoline technologies, applying each to the five major classes of passenger vehicles (small cars, larger “family” cars, sport utility vehicles, minivans, and pickup trucks). By Patricia Monahan and David Friedman.  UCS, 2004.
68 pp. $10.00 Read the executive summary and the full report.


Building a Better SUV: A Blueprint for Saving Lives, Money, and Gasoline - This report shows how existing technologies can be used to offer consumers an SUV that is safer, cleaner, and more cost-effective, while retaining the size and performance SUV drivers have today.
By David Friedman. UCS, 2003. 38 pp. $10.00
See the  special features and read the report.



Cleaning Up Diesel Pollution: Emissions from Off-Highway Engines by State - This report shows how diesel engines in construction and farm equipment are a major source of air pollution. It also discusses the lagging emissions standards for these engines and describes how cost-effective technologies could be implemented as part of a comprehensive cleanup plan. By Patricia Monahan. UCS, 2003. 65 pp. $15.00
Read the  executive summary (pdf) or the  full report (2 MB pdf).


A New Road: The Technology and Potential of Hybrid Vehicles - This report provides consumers and policy-makers with the tools they will need to sort out the many technological, financial, and environmental differences among the hybrids that will be brought to market in the coming years.  
By David Friedman. UCS, 2003. 70 pp. $ 10.00
Read the  executive summary or the  full report (pdf)



Automaker Rankings: The Environmental Performance of Car Companies - This report helps separate the hype from the hardware by using government data to quantitatively determine which automakers are the greenest based on the vehicles they actually sell in their showrooms.
By Jason Mark. UCS, 2002. 36 pp. $7.00
Read the  executive summary or the  full report (pdf).



Paying at the Pump: 2002 Analysis of Vehicles and Gasoline Costs - This report calculates which of the nation's most popular cars will be the most expensive to drive in 2002.  It also determines how much car owners could save at the pump if off-the-shelf technology which is capable of improving fuel economy by 30 percent for light trucks and by 27 percent for cars - were put to work.  By David Friedman. UCS, 2002. 62 pp. $10.00
Read the  full report (pdf).


Pollution Report Card: Grading America's School Bus Fleets - This report assesses the pollution performance of state school bus fleets and gives them clean-air grades, ranging from "outstanding" to "failure." While the distribution of grades varies across the country, no states score as high as they might have because all of them rely upon high-polluting school buses, fueled primarily by diesel, to transport children. Cleaner alternatives exist today that can provide for our nation's children transportation that is both safe and clean. By Patricia Monahan. UCS, 2002. 67 pp. $15.00
Read the  executive summary (pdf) or the  full report(pdf).

 
Drilling in Detroit: Tapping the Ingenuity of the Automaker Industry to Build Safe and Efficient Automobiles - A comprehensive exposition of the economic and environmental benefits of achieving a fuel-efficient fleet. By David Friedman et al. UCS, 2001. 117 pp. $15.00
Read the  executive summary (html) or the  full report  (2.5 mb pdf).



Over a Barrel: How to Avoid California's Second Energy Crisis - Explores the potential for a second energy crisis in California while offering potential solutions. By Julia Levin and Patricia Monahan UCS, 2001.  33pp.
Read the  executive summary (html) or read the  full report (pdf).

 
Rolling Smokestacks: Cleaning Up America's Trucks and Buses - Diesel engines on our highways, and the promise of new technologies to help clear the air. By Jason Mark and Candace Morey UCS, 2000. 68 pp. $10.00
Read the  executive summary (html) and download by chapter or read the full report (5 mb pdf).



Pollution Lineup - How automakers stack up on pollution and what they can do to improve their standing. By Candace Morey, Roland Hwang, Jim Kliesch, and John DeCicco. UCS, 2000. 22 pp. $7.00
Read the  executive summary (html) or the  full report  (pdf).


 
Diesel Passenger Vehicles and the Environment - A detailed review of public-health and technological issues related to diesel passenger vehicles, including a critical perspective on the reintroduction of diesel into US markets for cars and light trucks. By Jason Mark and Candace Morey. UCS, 1999. For a print copy of the report, contact our  Berkeley office.

Read the  executive summary (html) or the full report:
Table of Contents (pdf)
Sections 1-3 (pdf)
Sections 4-5  (pdf)
References  (pdf)


Greener SUVs: A Blueprint for Cleaner, More Efficient Light Trucks - How UCS engineers used affordable, existing technology to design a Ford Explorer that achieves 50 percent better mileage, pollutes 75 percent less and has a lower total cost. By Jason Mark. UCS, 1999. 28 pp. $5.00

Read the  executive summary (html) or the full report:
Table of Contents (pdf)
Body of the Report (pdf)
Appendix A. Environmental Calculations (pdf)
Appendices B and C. Technical Analysis and References (pdf


Shifting Gears: Advanced Technologies and Cleaner Fuels for Transit Buses - How electric, hybrid, and fuel-cell buses can take the market with a little help from policymakers. By Jason Mark and Laurence R. Davis. UCS, 1998. 37 pp. $6.00



Money Down the Pipeline: Uncovering the Hidden Subsidies to the Oil Industry - How tax breaks, government funding, and other subsidies benefit the oil industry at the expense of other energy technologies. By Roland Hwang. UCS, 1995. 27 pp. $4.00.


An Equity Analysis of Pay-As-You-Drive Insurance in California - Analysis of the economic and environmental benefits of a pay-at-the-pump automobile insurance plan. By Jeff Allen, Roland Hwang, and Jane Kelly. UCS, 1994. 47 pp. $5.00


Steering a New Course: Transportation, Energy, and the Environment - Definitive analysis of transportation in America and its contribution to energy problems, including recommendations for a comprehensive transportation policy to reduce congestion, pollution, and oil dependence. By Deborah Gordon. Island Press, 1991. 244 pp. $24.95.


 

Global Environment

Climate Change in California: Choosing Our Future
Summary of PNAS article by Katharine Hayhoe et al.

The latest climate projections for California suggest that temperatures will increase considerably during this century, and the rate of increase depends on the amount and timing of heat-trapping emissions. This summary examines two emission scenarios and a wide range of potential impacts. Projected impacts of climate change are greater under the higher-emission scenario, suggesting we can minimize risks by lowering emissions. Summary, 8pp., $5. Heat, water, and solutions summaries, 4pp. each; $5 each. Set of four summaries, $15. Visit our website www.climatechoices.org, to explore the impacts, solutions, take action and download the summaries.



Confronting Climate Change in the Great Lakes Region
by George W. Kling et al.

Climate change will magnify the human stresses already degrading Great Lakes ecosystems. This report identifies the ecological consequences—those already under way and those likely to occur over the next century—so that policymakers and the public can act now to safeguard the region's natural heritage and its economy. UCS, 2003. 92 pp. $20.00.
Read the executive summary (pdf), the  full report (pdf), or  download by chapter.  State summaries for Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, Ontario, and Wisconsin also available. 4 pp each; $5 each. State summaries for Indiana, New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania: 2 pp. each; $2 each.



Common Sense on Climate Change: Practical Solutions to Global Warming - Our climate is changing as humans add large amounts of heat-trapping gases to the atmosphere. If we start now, we can avoid the worst outcomes—devastating sea level rise, more intense and longer droughts, more frequent and severe flooding. Practical solutions exist today to address this problem. Read this booklet and learn how you can make a difference. UCS, 2002. 14 pp. $4.00. PDF available for download -- click  here.

Communicating Ecosystem Services: Tools for Scientists to Engage the Public - Valuable tools for scientists and others engaged in informing the public and policy-makers about the importance of maintaining healthy ecosystems and protecting our biological resources. Each tool kit provides background information—such as factsheets, case studies, and a policy overview—and tips for effective communication with the public, the media, and legislators. Also available from the project website. UCS, ESA, 2000. Water Purification 52 pp. Pollination 49 pp. $8.00 for one, $12 for both. Coming soon:  Forest Carbon Storage and Flood Damage Control.

Confronting Climate Change in the Gulf Coast Region: Prospects for Sustaining our Ecological Heritage by Robert Twilley et al Climate change will magnify the human stresses already degrading Gulf Coast ecosystems. This report identifies the ecological consequences—those already under way and those likely to occur over the next century—so that policymakers and the public can act now to safeguard the region's natural heritage and its economy. UCS, 2001. 75 pp. $20.00. Read the   executive summary (pdf), the  full report (pdf), or  download by chapter.State summaries (Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas) also available. 4 pp each. $5 each.

Confronting Climate Change in the Gulf Coast Region -- Curriculum Guide (pdf) Created especially for teachers and educators this guide is designed to complement the report and to make its findings accessible to younger residents of the Gulf Coast states. Helps transform climate change from an abstract concept to a real phenomenon with tangible effects on peoples' lives. If you are having difficulties downloading the materials, you may place an order for a CD-ROM or a set of paper copies. Please contact Jason Mathers at ssi@ucsusa.org or at (617) 547-5552 for more information.

Global Warming: Early Warning Signs - Poster-sized (2' x 3') world map depicting indicators of global climate change such as sea-level rise, melting glaciers, heat waves, floods, and shifting plant and animal ranges. UCS (in conjunction with six other environmental groups), 1999. To obtain a free copy, send $5 for domestic shipping (North America) or $10 international. Visit the Global Warming: Early Warning Signs website to see the interactive online map feature.
 

Linking Solutions to Climate Change and Biodiversity Loss
through the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism - Challenges and opportunities for projects to support climate stability, biodiversity conservation, and sustainable development objectives in developing countries. By Peter C. Frumhoff, Darren Goetze, and Jared Hardner. UCS, 1998. 14 pp. $6.00
Read the full report (pdf).


Logging Off: Mechanisms to Stop or Prevent Industrial Logging in Forests of High Conservation Value - The first broad assessment of the potential tools available for nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), governments, and other stakeholders to reduce or eliminate industrial logging in high conservation value forests. By Ted Gullison, Mary Melnyk, and Carmen Wong. UCS, 2001. 96 pp. $10.00
Read the full report (pdf).


Nature and the Marketplace - Examines the controversial proposition that markets should be designed to capture the value of ecosystem services. Written by an economist with a background in business, it evaluates the real prospects for several of nature's marketable services to "turn profits" at levels that exceed the profits expected from alternative, ecologically destructive, business activities. By Geoffrey Heal. Island Press, 2000. 184 pp. $26.00


Setting Priorities for Conserving Biological Diversity in Tropical Timber Production Forests - Alternative vision of how to protect the extraordinarily rich biological diversity of tropical timber forests. By Peter C. Frumhoff and Elizabeth C. Losos. UCS, 1998. 14 pp. $6.00
Read the full report (pdf).


A Small Price to Pay: US Action to Curb Global Warming Is Feasible and Affordable - Proof that meeting the 7 percent reduction in greenhouse-gas emissions mandated by the Kyoto Protocol will cost the United States little. By UCS and Tellus Institute. UCS, 1998. 17 pp. $6.00
Read the full report (pdf).


Meeting the Challenges of Population, Environment, and Resources -- The Cost of Inaction - Collection of essays by highly respected scientists on the major environmental, resource, and population issues facing humanity. The World Bank, 1996. 46 pp. $5.00


Population Complications - In-depth discussion of alternative viewpoints in the debate over the social and environmental impacts of population growth, with strategies for reducing population growth rates. By Michael Brower. UCS, 1994. 20 pp. $4.00


 

Clean Energy

U.S. Nuclear Plants in the 21st Century: The Risk of a Lifetime - This report shows that aging U.S. nuclear power plants have an increased risk of serious accidents and that the Nuclear Regulatory Commission must adapt its regulatory regime to monitor plants at all points during their lifecycles. By David Lochbaum. UCS, 2004. pp. 27. $10.00. Read the executive summary and report online.


Renewables Are Ready: A Guide to Teaching Renewable Energy in Junior and Senior High School Classrooms - This newly revised and updated teacher's guide provides an ideal background for teaching a unit on renewable energy. It can be used to illustrate basic scientific principles and includes hands-on activities, games, action projects, and a resource guide. UCS, 2003. 89 pp. $10.00 (or $5.00 each for orders of 10 or more). Read the table of contents (PDF) or the full guide (PDF).


Plugging in Renewable Energy: Grading the States - This report assigns grades to each of the 50 states based on their commitment to supporting wind, solar, and other renewable energy sources. We measure commitment by the projected results of renewable electricity standards for electric companies and dedicated renewable electricity funds.  UCS, 2003. 52 pp. $10.00.  Also available is a 4 pp. fact sheet $5.00.
Read the executive summary.


Energy Security: Solutions to Protect America's Power Supply and Reduce Oil Dependence - The events of September 11, 2001, point unmistakably toward a new national priority: building a secure energy future. Clean and efficient technologies can cut oil dependence and reduce infrastructure vulnerability while saving consumers money and protecting the environment. Strong government action today will ensure that these technologies fulfill their promise of a safer, cheaper, and cleaner energy future. UCS, 2002. 19 pp. $10.00. Read the full report (pdf).


Clean Energy Blueprint: A Smarter National Energy Policy for Today and the Future - How consumers could save more than $440 billion between 2002 amd 2020, if a series of energy-efficiency and renewable energy policies recommended in the report were to become law. By Steven Clemmer, Deborah Donovan, Alan Nogee, and Jeff Deyette. UCS, 2001. 52 pp. $10.00
Read the executive summary (pdf) or the full report (pdf).



Clean Power Surge: Ranking the States - Many states have made recent commitments to renewable energy. This report identifies which states have taken the strongest measures. By Steven Clemmer, Bentham Paulos, and Alan Nogee. UCS, 2000. 24 pp. $5.00
Read the executive summary (html) or the full report (pdf). Errata, July 2000 (html).


Energy Innovations: A Prosperous Path to a Clean Environment - This groundbreaking study shows the prosperous path to global climate protection. It pictures a healthier and more secure energy future for the United States. Backed by in-depth engineering and economic analysis, the study demonstrates the benefits of choosing an Innovation Path, rather than remaining on the Present Path of inefficient, fossil-fuel dependent energy production and consumption. By UCS and others in the Alliance to Save Energy, 1997. $25.00.
Read the executive summary (html).


The NRC's New Oversight Process: On the Road to Effective Regulation? - Examines whether the proposed new process improves on objectivity, consistency, and timeliness. By David Lochbaum. UCS, 1999. 19 pp. $6.00


Nuclear Plant Risk Studies: Failing the Grade - Describes the flaws that riddle assessments of risk at nuclear power plants. By David Lochbaum. UCS, 2000. 25 pp. $5.00
Read the executive summary (html) or the full report (pdf).


Powerful Solutions: Seven Ways to Switch America to Renewable Electricity - Seven practical measures to switch America to renewable electricity sources: renewable portfolio standards, public benefits funding, net metering, fair transmission and distribution rules, fair pollution rules, consumer information, and putting green customer demand to work. By Alan Nogee, Steven Clemmer, Bentham Paulos, and Brent Haddad. UCS, 1999. 53 pp. $10.00
Download by chapter (html) or read the full report(pdf).


The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: A Report on Safety in America's Nuclear Power Industry - Examination of safety margins at 10 representative nuclear power plants. By David Lochbaum. UCS, 1998. 20 pp. $6.00.
Read the full report (pdf).



Renewable Energy and Electric Utility Restructuring in New York: Risks and Opportunities - Benefits, barriers, and policies for developing renewable energy in New York. By Alan Nogee and Paul Jefferiss. UCS, 1997. 28 pp. $4.00


Renewable Energy and Electric Utility Restructuring in the Mid-Atlantic Region: Risks and Opportunities - Benefits to the mid-Atlantic states of developing renewable energy under electric utility restructuring and policy mechanisms to allow renewable technologies to compete fairly with conventional technologies. By Alan Nogee. UCS, 1996. 24 pp. $4.00


Renewable Energy Pricing Options: Iowa's Alternate Energy Production Law. - Pricing schedules for renewable energy that meet the concerns of investor-owned utilities in Iowa, as well as provide necessary revenue to alternative energy developers. By Michael W. Tennis. UCS, 1996. 6 pp. $2.00


Renewing our Neighborhoods: Opportunities for Distributed Renewable Energy Technologies in the Boston Edison Service Area - How placing small renewable power systems on buildings in urban Boston would bring economic and environmental benefits. By Michael W. Tennis, Alan Nogee, Paul Jefferiss, and Ben Paulos. UCS, 1995. Executive summary, $3.00; technical report (including executive summary) $12.00; technical appendices, $15.00
Read the executive summary (html).


US Nuclear Power Plants--Showing Their Age
Case Study: Core Shroud Cracking
Case Study: Steam Generator Corrosion
Case Study: Reactor Pressure Vessel Embrittlement
Documentation of how the equipment in nuclear power plants is degrading, threatening public safety and raising costs to ratepayers. By Robert Pollard. UCS, 1995. Approx. 10 pp. each. $2.50 each; set of all three reports, $6.00.


Renewables Are Ready: People Creating Renewable Energy Solutions - The inspirational stories of Americans across the country who have made renewable energy a reality in their own communities. By Nancy Cole and P. J. Skerrett. Chelsea Green Press, 1995. 239 pp. $19.95.


Biomass Power Commercialization: The Federal Role - Ways in which the federal government can and should be involved in promoting use of energy crops. By Eric Denzler. UCS, 1994. 13 pp. $2.00


Powering the Midwest: Renewable Electricity for the Economy and the Environment - Analysis of the potential of renewable energy for electricity generation in the Midwest, showing that areas throughout the region have significant renewable electricity potential; includes detailed state-by-state maps of wind and biomass energy resources. By Michael Brower, Michael Tennis, Eric Denzler, and Mark Kaplan. UCS, 1993. Executive Summary, 11 pp. $2.50


Cool Energy: Renewable Solutions to Environmental Problems - Comprehensive review of renewable energy technologies, analyzing their near- and long-term potential to displace fossil fuels, and showing the role they could play in addressing environmental problems. By Michael Brower. MIT Press, 1992. Revised edition, 220 pp. $23.


Recipe for an Effective Campus Energy-Conservation Program - Description of the author's energy-conservation experiences at SUNY Buffalo with practical guidelines for establishing similar programs at colleges and other large institutions. By Walter Simpson. UCS, 1991. 17 pp. $2.00


Advanced Reactor Study - New designs for a second generation of nuclear reactors, demonstrating that safety and waste problems remain to be solved. By MHB Associates. UCS, 1990. 225 pp. $15.00


 

Global Security

The Physics of Space Security: A Reference Manual - This AAAS report (written by UCS scientists) discusses the technical requirements for launching and maneuvering weapons in space and assesses the vulnerability of satellite components to interference or destruction. Its analysis provides the facts needed to make an informed evaluation of space policy choices. By David Wright, Laura Grego, and Lisbeth Gronlund. American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 2005. 177 pp. $15.00.
Read the report.


Technical Realities: An Analysis of the 2004 Deployment of a U.S. National Missile Defense System - This report shows that the planned deployment of the U.S. national missile defense will provide no real protection in an actual attack due to the lack of realistic testing. By Lisbeth Gronlund, David Wright, George Lewis, Philip Coyle III. UCS, 2004. 76 pp. $15.00. Read the executive summary and the full report.


Toward True Security: A US Nuclear Posture for the Next Decade - Proposes a nuclear weapons policy that reflects today's political and strategic realities, addresses the real nuclear dangers to the United States, and helps shape the nuclear future. By Federation of American Scientists, Natural Resources Defense Council, and Union of Concerned Scientists. UCS, 2001. 33 pp. $10.00
Read the executive summary (html) or the full report (pdf).


Countermeasures: A Technical Evaluation of the Operational Effectiveness of the Planned US National Missile Defense System - A detailed analysis of how the proposed national missile defense system could be defeated by missiles equipped with simple countermeasures. Demonstrates that any state technically capable of constructing missiles would also be able to construct effective countermeasures. By Andrew M. Sessler et al. UCS, 2000. 200 pp. $15.00
Read the executive summary (html) or the full report (pdf).


Beyond Safeguards: A Program for More Comprehensive Control of Weapon-Usable Fissile Material - Overview of international efforts to control access to highly enriched uranium and separated plutonium examines the adequacy of existing controls and proposes new measures that would strengthen the nonproliferation regime. By Lisbeth Gronlund and David Wright. UCS, 1994. 86 pp. $12.00